ESD in Silicon Integrated Circuits, 2nd Edition

¥ 18,200
著 者:E.Ajith Amerasekera, Charvaka Duvvury
出 版:Wiley   /   2002年
ISBN:0-471-49871-8

本書では、回路保護に関する様々な方法について検討されており、 VLSI 回路の ESD 回路保護方式についてもカバーされています。回路保護の実装対策としてのガイダンスが提供されており、新しいセクションとして ESD 設計のルール・レイアウトアプローチ・パッケージ効果・回路コンセプトに関する記述が含まれています。デバイス帯電モデル (Charged Device Model) のテスト方法について論評され、回路保護に必要とされる設計要求事項についても評価されています。

Preface

  1. Introduction
    Background
    The ESD Problem
    Protecting against ESD
    Outline of the Book
  2. ESD Phenomenon
    Introduction
    Electrostatic Voltage
    Discharge
    ESD Stress Models
  3. Test Methods
    Introduction
    Human Body Model (HBM)
    Machine Model (MM)
    Charged Device Model (CDM)
    Socket Device Model (SDM)
    Metrology, Calibration, Verification
    Transmission Line Pulsing (TLP)
    Failure Criteria
    Summary
  4. Physics and Operation of ESD Protection Circuits Elements
    Introduction
    Resistors
    Diodes
    Transistor Operation
    Transistor Operation Under ESD Conditions
    Electrothermal Effects
    SCR Operation
    Conclusion
  5. ESD Protection Circuit Design Concepts and Strategy
    The Qualities of Good ESD Protection
    ESD Protection Design Methods
    Selecting an ESD Strategy
    Summary
  6. Design and Layout Requirements
    Introduction
    Thick Field Device
    nMOS Transistors (FPDs)
    Gate-Coupled nMOS (GCNMOS)
    Gate Driven nMOS (GDNMOS)
    SCR Protection Device
    ESD Protection Design Synthesis
    Total Input Protection
    ESD Protection Using Diode-Based Devices
    Power Supply Clamps
    BiPolar and BiCMOS Protection Circuits
    Summary
  7. Advanced Protection Design
    Introduction
    PNP Driven nMOS (PDNMOS)
    Substrate Triggered nMOS (STNMOS)
    nMOS Triggered nMOS (NTNMOS)
    ESD for Mixed Voltage I/O
    CDM Protection
    SOI Technology
    High-Voltage Transistors
    BiCMOS Protection
    RF Designs
    General I/O Protection Schemes
    Design/Layout Errors
    Summary
  8. Failure Modes, Reliability Issues, and Case Studies
    Introduction
    Failure Mode Analysis
    Reliability and Performance Considerations
    Advanced CMOS Input Protection
    Optimizing the Input Protection Scheme
    Designs for Special Applications
    Process Effects on Input Protection Design
    Total IC Chip Protection
    Power Bus Protection
    Internal Chip ESD Damage
    Stress Dependent ESD Behavior
    Failure Mode Case Studies
    Summary
  9. Influence of Processing on ESD
    Introduction
    High Current Behavior
    Cross-Section of a MOS Transistor
    Drain-Source Implant Effects
    p-Well Effects
    n-Well Effects
    Epitaxial Layers and Substrates
    Gate Oxides
    Silicides
    Contacts
    Interconnect and Metalization
    Gate Length Dependencies
    Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI)
    Bipolar Transistors
    Diodes
    Resistors
    Reliability Trade-Offs
    Summary
  10. Device Modeling of High Current Effects
    Introduction
    The Physics of ESD Damage
    Thermal (“Second”) Breakdown
    Analytical Models Using the Heat Equation
    Electrothermal Device Simulations
    Conclusions
  11. Circuit Simulation Basics, Approaches, and Applications
    Introduction
    Modeling the MOSFET
    Modeling Bipolar Junction Transistors
    Modeling Diffusion Resistors
    Modeling Protection Diodes
    Simulation of Protection Circuits
    Electrothermal Circuit Simulations
    Conclusion
  12. Conclusions
    Long-Term Relevance of ESD in Ics
    State-of-the-Art for ESD Protection
    Current Limitations
    Future Issues
  13. Index